The scalene muscles are a group of three paired muscles located in the lateral neck region. The scalenes consist of the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene muscles. The anterior and middle scalene muscles originate from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (C2-C7) and insert into the first rib. In contrast, the posterior scalene muscle originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and inserts onto the second rib. The scalene muscles are responsible for several movements of the neck and ribcage, including lateral flexion and rotation of the neck, as well as elevation of the first and second ribs during inhalation. The scalene muscles also maintain posture and stabilize the neck during various activities, such as lifting or carrying. The scalene muscles are innervated by the cervical spinal nerves (C3-C8) and work in conjunction with other muscles of the neck and shoulder girdle to produce efficient movements during various activities. Dysfunction or weakness of the scalene muscles can lead to difficulties with neck and shoulder movements and may contribute to neck pain, thoracic outlet syndrome, or other postural imbalances.